Definition, Treatment and Prevention of Dry Eye

Dry eye syndrome is eye discomfort and/or damage to the cornea and conjunctiva due to reduced quantity or quality of tears to moisten the eye. Approximately one in five Americans has dry eye syndrome.

Reduced secretions from the lacrimal (tear) glands or or glands that produce oils and other components of the tear film. In some cases, infrequent blinking or eyelid abnormalities can also contribute to dry eye syndrome. Our tear glands produce significantly less tears as we get older. Approximately 75 percent of people over age 65 suffer from dry eye syndrome. Women are more at risk due to hormonal changes from menstruation, pregnancy, lactation, and menopause.

Diseases that can affect the body s ability to produce tears include rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, thyroid disease, asthma, and lupus. Medications that can cause dry eyes include antihistamines, decongestants, oral contraceptives, blood pressure and ulcer medicines, and tranquilizers.

Exposure to smoke, wind, air pollution, air conditioning, and dry climates can increase the evaporation of tears and cause dry eye syndrome.

Failing to drink enough fluids can lead to dehydration that also causes dry eyes. Alcohol and caffeine can also cause deydration, leading to dry eyes.

Preventing Dry Eye
Drink plenty of non-alcohol, caffeine-free fluids to prevent dehydration
Take a daily supplement of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E may be helpful
Install a humidifier if in a dry climate
Blink frequently when using a computer or when reading for long periods
Moisten your contact lenses as needed with rewetting drops.

Apply artificial tears as necessary throughout the day. Sometimes small silicone plugs are inserted into the ducts in the inner corner of your eyelids that drain tears away from your eyes. The plugs are easily inserted by your eye doctor and can be removed if they cause excess tearing.